| What is Plagiarism?
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Integrating & Citing Sources
Integrating & Citing Sources
To avoid plagiarism, you must properly cite any form of intellectual property (words, ideas, graphics, data, charts, organizational structure, etc.) that is not your own with the exception of ideas or facts that are considered common knowledge. This page contains resources that address how to properly integrate and cite intellectual property not original to you.
Paraphrase, Summarize, and Quote
Proper citation of other people's ideas and words is generally accomplished through the integration of direct quotations, paraphrases, or summaries coupled with details about their origin (traditionally the author, title, publisher, publication date and location) in a list of sources cited, whether it be a bibliography, reference list, or set of foot or endnotes. The resources below have been chosen for their excellence in explaining how to properly quote, summarize, and paraphrase:
Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing: The Basics (UMUC)
"Guidelines" for quotations and paraphrasing/summarizing offers additional examples
Using Outside Sources in your Writing (Colorado State)
Addresses when to quote versus paraphrase or summarize as well as more complicated practices such as quoting previously quoted materials and omitting words from quotations. Click on "How to include source material in your writing".
How to Recognize Plagiarism: Examples (Indiana U.)
Five great examples of correct and incorrect paraphrasing.
Citation Styles
Different disciplines require different styles (or forms) of citation for documenting source materials. The resources below describe the citation rules for some of the most commonly used types of resources.Citation Systems and Style Manuals (UMCP)
Obtain an overview of citation systems, or skip straight to our guides on MLA, APA, or Chicago/Turabian (Notes or Author-Date)
Completing Partial Citations (UMCP)
Resources to help you complete partial citations
Citing Electronic Resources (Bedford/St. Martins)
Citation Machine (Landmark Project)
Generates citations, including parenthetical, in MLA and APA. Always recheck results.
Common Knowledge
The question of what common knowledge is can be confusing. The link below may help to clarify this matter.What is Common Knowledge? (Cal. State San Marcos)
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